Who owns the work you create? Without a clear IP clause, the answer varies by jurisdiction and can lead to disputes over portfolio use, resale, and derivatives.
Work for Hire vs License
Work-for-hire transfers all IP to the client upon payment. A license grants usage rights while you retain ownership. Most freelance contracts use work-for-hire.
Portfolio Rights
Negotiate the right to show work in your portfolio unless the project is under NDA. This clause is often omitted — add it explicitly.
Pre-Existing IP
List tools, frameworks, or code libraries you bring to the project. Your pre-existing IP should not transfer to the client.
Conclusion
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